The votes have been tallied and the results are in. OpenSocial Foundation members have selected Jay Parikh of Ning and Joseph Smarr of Plaxo as their community representatives.

Sixty-eight percent of the OpenSocial Foundation membership voted in the election. Parikh and Smarr were selected by members from 13 nominees. Each will serve a one-year term on the OpenSocial Foundation Board.

The non-profit organization called Sunlight Foundation, whose mission is to use the Internet to make information about the U.S. government more accessible,  just released a visualization of campaign contributions from 1990-2008, broken down by industry sectors and party lines. From this app, profiled on Programmable Web, you can see how the finance, insurance, and real estate industries spend more than others. The visualization is interactive - just push the play button after configuring the settings. It was built using Google Motion Chart and data from OpenSecrets.

2) Visualizing Earmarks

Earmarks are a hot topic in the current U.S. Presidential election. You can visit  the web site earmarkwatch.org to investigate those spending measures inserted by members of Congress into bills that direct taxpayer dollars to their pet projects. But an even easier way to track which states are the worst for using earmarks, this visualization over on ManyEyes is useful. Wow, look at Alaska!

3) Visualizing Election Polls

University of Utah computer scientists have written software they hope will eventually allow anyone to interactively and visually analyze election results, political opinion polls or other surveys. The software displays data in the form of "radial" charts that are doughnut-shaped and include features of traditional pie charts and bar graphs. The charts are interactive and animated, too. You can watch a video demonstration over here, but unfortunately, the poll-analysis software isn't quite ready for prime time. What a tease!

4) Electoral College Prediction Tracker

This interactive visualization widget provides an overview of the predicted outcome of the U.S. presidential election. The rows depict the results from different news agencies (The Washington Post, The New York Times, CNN, etc.) and the columns represent the different U.S. states. The states width is based on the number of electoral votes they have available. Political bloggers will really like this one, too - it's embeddable!

5) The 2008 Presidential Election In The Blogosphere

This next visualization, perspctv.com, is an informational dashboard that summarizes and graphs the Internet activity relating to the 2008 presidential elections. The charts compare the similarities as well as the differences between the mainstream media and user-generated content, such as that found on political blogs. Currently, the graphs include CNN polls, new mentions, blogosphere mentions, Twitter mentions, a U.S. electoral map, and Google Trends-based timelines. (via information aesthetics)

The U.S. Voter Info site was developed in partnership with with several state and local election officials, the League of Women Voters, the Pew Charitable Trusts, and others involved in the Voting Information Project. In true Google form, the site appears to as just a simple interface that hides the complicated data processing going on in the back-end. All you have to do to use the new site is enter in your home address in the box provided and click "Search."

Google then returns a host of personal voter information about your location including the number of days left for absentee ballot requests, a link to your local government's page where you can request an absentee ballot form, as well as other links to local government sites providing registration forms and other relevant election info. (The types of links will vary some from state to state). There's even a phone number to your state's voter hotline provided.

On the right side of the screen, a Google map displays. There is a green pin in your neighborhood and a red pin where your voting location is found. Then, with one click, you can get directions from your house to the polling site. This is very convenient, but unfortunately, when plugging in my own address, Google was not able to locate my voting location. Hopefully, others will have better success. (Let us know!)

In addition to the web site itself, Google is offering a "where to vote" gadget that can be customized and added to any web site. More importantly, there's an API available which allows third-party developers access to this data.

We Could Have Used This Sooner!

The only major criticism we have is this: why did they have to wait until now until launching? We realize that there are still several days until the actual Election Day, but this information would have been great to have a bit earlier. Given that absentee ballot forms have deadlines prior to Election Day and many states have already started the early voting process, it's a shame this web site wasn't available sooner. However, now that the site is ready, we look forward to using it for many years to come.

Thirteen candidates have been nominated to fill two "Community Director" Board seats. Among the nominees are several familiar names including Chris Messina, Krishna Sankar, and Joseph Smarr. (For more information on each of these candidates and the other 10 nominees, visit the OpenSocial Foundation.)

Only members of the OpenSocial Foundation are permitted to vote. If you're not currently a member of the Foundation, you may apply for membership. In order to participate in the election, however, your application for membership must be received by 11:59 PM PDT, October 29. The polls for the election close at 11:59 PM PDT on November 3.

The OpenSocial Foundation was created earlier this year through a partnership among Google, News Corp., and Yahoo! with the express purpose of "creating the structure necessary to facilitate open technical development, developing governance and review procedures for maintaining an open source project, protecting and enforcing IP, trademark, and copyrights."

The OpenSocial Foundation has a great deal of potential to influence "the Web that is to be." And the two Community Directors, once elected, will likely have a significant impact on the future direction of this still formative organization. It will be interesting to see who the members of the Foundation choose to guide this development.

• Martin Atkins
• John Bradley
• Johannes Ernst
• Snorri Giorgetti
• Eran Hammer-Lahav
• Dick Hardt
• Mike Kirkwood
• Brian Kissel
• Scott Kveton
• Chris Messina
• Peter Nixey
• David Recordon
• Eric Sachs
• Nat Sakimura
• Luke Shepard
• Joseph Smarr
• Allen Tom

Current members of the OpenID Foundation are encouraged to visit the OpenID Foundation, log in with their respective OpenIDs, and cast votes for up to seven candidates. For those who have not yet joined the Foundation, registration is open, starting at $25 for an individual account.

The elections will remain open until December 24, 2008. The new Board will be announced before December 31, 2008. Board members begin their term on January 1, 2009.

Jim Edlin has a long and distinguished history in the IT industry, including being the co-founder and first editor of PC Magazine. While giving my family and I a lift back to our hotel after the Crunchies (the taxis were non-existent that night!), Jim explained to me more about OnlinePrimary.

Jim Edlin describes OnlinePrimary on his website as "a personal project launched out of dissatisfaction with both the U. S. presidential primary election process and the current direction of using technology in elections." In a follow-up email conversation, he explained that "over the last year I have become increasingly distressed by a couple of things about how we do elections here in the US." The first is "the circus that [the] presidential primary system has become", such as states madly scrambling to get their primary earlier in the sequence so it will be more likely to affect the outcome. Also part of the circus is "horse-race-style media coverage that all-too-often becomes self-fulfilling prophecy." The second thing that prompted Edlin to start OnlinePrimary was "the disgraceful showing that technology (my field of endeavor) is making as it moves into the mainstream of the election process." He thinks that technology has failed in elections thus far:

"I don't understand why the straightforward process of casting and tallying votes should require special-purpose machines costing tens of thousands of dollars each, from companies so suspect of fraud and incompetence that they have to change their names (as Diebold Election Systems recently did) to hide from the shame."

Thinking big, Edlin decided to build a website "that would illustrate some alternate visions about both how US presidential primaries might work and about how technology might better support the election process more generally." He also wants the site to become a home for discussions and catalyst to action for new technology-based approaches to elections. As well as the onlineprimary.us domain, Edlin bought onlineconvention.us and onlineelection.us - indicating the broad plans he has.

What is OnlinePrimary?

At its core OnlinePrimary is a single, national, popular-vote primary - conducted using basic Web technology. Or at least it's an experiment in what such a system would look like, were it to become reality in the future. Edlin admits that there are "lots of questions to be worked out about these approaches", including security, auditability, ready accessability to all voters. Also he says it would take a lot of "political and legal gymnastics" to bring about changes like this to the US primaries system. But he says that OnlinePrimary is "a first crack" at building such a system.

In my tests, OnlinePrimary turned out to be a basic website form and still a little buggy (an SQL error popped up after I entered my selections). Here is what it looked like when I 'voted' for my Democratic choices:

There isn't a lot more to it at this time, although there are hints at the features to come. For example there is a "credibility rating", described as "based on a formula that takes into account how many ballots have been submitted from a particular internet address over various periods of time." Again, it's fairly basic. But I'm sure the technology will be enhanced as this project goes on.

The results section shows the promise of how real-time statistics could be used in an Internet primaries system:

Conclusion

Although the current site is relatively bare and there aren't many features, there's reason to think that OnlinePrimary could quickly ramp up. For one, Jim Edlin has been involved with technology mixed with politics before. In 1994 the company he co-founded, The HyperMedia Group (HMG), developed an interactive campaign video kiosk used by a candidate for California governor. And in 1996 HMG developed the California campaign website for Bill Clinton's re-election campaign. Edlin notes that "my personal involvement was small", but he is proud that his company HMG worked on those technology-enabled political projects.

Also Edlin notes that this is just the beginning of the experiment and that more features will be added.

OnlinePrimary is for now a part-time endeavor for Edlin, but it's an interesting experiment in how the Internet could be utilized to power the next generation of primaries and election systems. Tell us what you think below. How else could technology be used to improve the US political system? What other features would you suggest for the site?

Though the videos are not up at the Times yet, some of the clips are up at Blip.tv in unedited form (one is embedded below).

This is not the first time that the New York Times has turned to amateur video content to flesh out its online offerings. Since October, the newspaper has run clips from political video debate blog Bloggingheads.tv.

After a successful 2008, this Board comes into a proving year for OpenID. With a number of household names getting on the OpenID and Open Stack bandwagon, the tipping point could be very near in 2009.

For context, just listen to a recap on 2008 from The Social Web TV for a better idea of everything that's happened in the Open Web over the past 12 months - and some predictions for what could be in store for 2009:

No matter what happens, it will be an interesting year for OpenID and the OpenID Foundation. And you can be sure that we here at RWW will be reporting on what's happening with OpenID and all of the Open Stack.

As we've seen in the US, going from Internet popularity to votes cast is a tall order to fill, and in Malaysia especially, the bloggers-turned-candidates will face a tough uphill climb to get elected. Only about on fifth of Malays have access to the Internet, yet about 42% of the country's 26 million people are registered to vote. Because getting press attention outside of the Malaysian blogosphere is nearly impossible for these candidates, making an impression on voters will be difficult.

Though the bloggers have found a devoted readership outside of the largely pro-government mainstream press, there isn't much faith in their ability to make much of an impact on March 8th when polls open. "Beyond the major cities like Kuala Lumpur and Penang, there's not much the bloggers can really hope to accomplish," Mohamad Norza Zakaria, a leader in Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's UMNO party, told Reuters.

In the US last week, another blogger was nearly drafted into the political arena. Popular blogger, author, columnist, and law professor Lawrence Lessig was said to be contemplating a run for the US Congress in California's 12th district after a Facebook group urging the run attracted over 4,000 members. Lessig announced yesterday that he would not run.

But bloggers have become the thought leaders for a new generation. Blogs are increasingly becoming hubs for political and social discourse, so it makes sense that people see bloggers whose ideas they respect and admire as viable political candidates. We've had an actor become president in the US, why not a blogger?

The Definition of Culture

According to Wikipedia, "culture" is defined as:

"[...]generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance. Cultures can be "understood as systems of symbols and meanings that even their creators contest, that lack fixed boundaries, that are constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with one another"."

Essentially, culture is the way people within a certain group behave and interact with one another.

The Twitter Culture

Technology Enthusiasts
It's no secret that those on Twitter interact and behave differently from other groups. For one, they might be online 24/7. That's a huge difference in itself from the rest of the world. They're normally heavy users of technology, especially web technology, and are on the bleeding edge of these things too. The majority of Twitter is comprised of tech related messages and innocent chatter. From web apps to software reviews, you'll find links to them all on Twitter.

Sharing Is Caring
Never let it be said that Twitter users don't care. They share their little hearts out every chance they get! Links from all over the web are shared on a minute by minute basis. On the same note, developers have taken advantage of all that information by aggregating the plethora of links that are shared across Twitter so that users can find the most popular links of the day or hour on Twitter. Not only do tweeters share links, but also reviews, beta invite codes, advice, stories, insults, and tons more. I've yet to see any credit card numbers or passwords being shared though it may be in the near future.

Vocal Advocates
Surprisingly, users of Twitter are very vocal about things. For example, take a look at the upcoming Presidential elections. I know more about the elections because of Twitter rather than because of the TV or newspapers where one would normally go to be updated on such things. Not only will they let you know what's going on, but also how they feel about it. These are pretty passionate people too. They voice their opinions while also encouraging others to do the same. They're always up for a tough albeit friendly debate. These are today and tomorrow's advocates.

I'm Bored....Twitter!
Those on Twitter are also easily bored. I know that Twitter is only enhancing my ADHD, which in turn is helping me to become bored very easily. There's so much to process on Twitter that when user streams slow down and the party ends they're left wondering what to do next. If Twitter goes down, the world might as well have just stopped. Tweeters just don't know what to do with themselves sometimes. They need constant entertainment because this is the very nature of Twitter and it's what Twitter promotes.

OK, I Dugg and Shared This Article. What's Next?

Never let it be said that Twitter doesn't have culture. There's so much more to the people on Twitter and a ton more to come as Twitter breaks into the masses of mainstream. Tweeters will continue to vocally share all the crazy technology that's available, yet still have an air of boredom around them at the same time. It's unbreakable and quite contagious. Let us know what you think defines the culture on Twitter.

The N95, as readers of this blog will recall, is also being used by Reuters as part of a "Mobile Journalism Toolkit," which some Reuters field reporters are testing to help them file stories from the field and use the cell phone's camera to take photos and videos of news events. This is all part of a growing trend toward legitimizing citizen journalism and the embrace by mainstream media of amateur journalism's tools and techniques.

"'Citizen journalism' is beginning to embrace a wide range of public engagement with the media," said Timo Koskinen, project manager with Nokia Research Center when the mobile toolkit was announced, "from groups of contributors organized around subject or geographic areas to the casual participation of observers who are lucky - or unlucky - enough to be at the scene of a newsworthy event."

Yesterday we wrote about Twitter's growing influence in the reporting of news and its use by mainstream news reporters as an information distribution tool. It is interesting that while MTV is building technology to instantly stream live mobile video reports from amateur reporters in 23 states, they're apparently not planning to use Twitter. Those reporters will have cell phones, afterall, making them more than capable of Twittering.

MTV has actually used Twitter before. About 4 months ago during the Video Music Awards, MTV set up a handful of Twitter accounts to stream live updates from the awards show floor. Though it featured mostly inane updates from artists and hosts, like Lil' Wayne saying, "Yo we just left the awards It was crazzzzy," it at least shows that MTV is open to trying out new tools to push information to users. Though their Twitter experiment at the VMAs resulted in sub-par content (in my opinion), it was a modest success, attracting almost 1500 followers on their main account.

Twitter or not, though, MTV's emphasis on streaming mobile video next Tuesday, and their continued use of amateur journalists during the 2008 election cycle is part of a growing trend that is pushing citizen journalism into the mainstream and increasing its impact on how we report and consume news.

This year marks the Foundation's second election; last year, Snorri Giorgetti, Nat Sakimura, Chris Messina, David Recordon, Eric Sachs, Scott Kveton and Brian Kissel were elected. Of the current community board members, Messina and Sakimura were elected to two-year terms. Kveton has indicated he will not serve another term.

In a blog post today, executive director Don Thibeau wrote that he envisions changes for how the board and the Foundation will operate in the coming year.

"Organizations that have transitioned from specification development to market adoption (the space we entered this year) have evolved their governance and membership programs to meet operational and financial objectives. In order to improve the core technology product, drive RP adoption, and increase member services, we need to find ways to offer more membership value and create diversified sources of income.

"2010's board members will consider how best to balance competing priorities with still unfolding value in the trust framework and certification work to do with the U.S. government and others. We've been told by experts that demand for certification is a leading indicator of the growth and maturity of a technology standard. How we do certification will, in part, shape our future."

As distributed social networking continues to grow and shape the Web we use, issues such as creating secure, portable digital identities become more and more intrinsic to making the Internet work for users, sites and content creators. Thibeau concluded, "For myself, I believe an open, reliable, trusted identity standard can be the next key operational piece of Internet infrastructure. It can be to the identity layer what DNS is to the Web layer and IP is to the packet layer."

Indeed, the past year has brought lots of publicity and material advances to the Foundation's cause. At the beginning of 2009, we reported that Google and Plaxo had created a simplified workflow for OpenID logins that added OAuth and the Google Contacts API. During the OpenID UX Summit in February, we wrote that one Comcast property reported a 92% success rate with OpenID logins. Perhaps most exciting of all was this May's news that Facebook would be allowing users to log in using OpenID. But no nod of approval carried more weight than the recent decision of the US government to allow members of the public to use OpenID to log in to certain government websites.

We look forward to reporting more good things - including nomination and election results - from the Foundation in the months to come.

Arguing that the US has huge influence in Mexican elections and that Mexican immigrants, both legal and illegal (undocumented), are fundamental to maintaining the US economy - ¡México Decide! concludes that all immigrants, legal and illegal, ought to have some say in the US Presidential election.

¡México Decide! is the creation of artist Ricardo Miranda Zúñiga, whose previous work includes the video game Vagamundo: A Migrant's Tale.

This project was profiled today on the excellent blog We Make Money Not Art, where you'll find several links to related resources, information and perspectives that could help keep you from making a fool of yourself saying something stupid in comments.

Immigration is one of the key issues in US politics today, both on a policy level and as a metaphor for our larger relationship with history and the world we live in. I'd love to see more read/write type web projects engaging with these issues.

According Dickerson, tools like Twitter provide a way for reporters to disseminate information quickly while a story may still be unfolding. "It is much more authentic, because it really is from inside the room," he says, describing Twitter reporting the way someone might a live television newscast.

In another piece, the NYT writes about blogger Michael Yon, who uses his blog to cover the Iraq war from the front lines. "Michael Yon was not a journalist, and he wasn’t sure what a blogger was," the piece begins. But after spending more time embedded with US soldiers in Iraq than any other journalist, and writing about his experience on his web site, Yon "has recently, grudgingly, accepted that he has become a journalist."

The Times praises Yon's reporting, who went to Iraq because he thought the mainstream media was "bungling the story."

"Along the way, he created a niche outlet that is better reported than most blogs, and more opinionated than most news reporting, with enough first-hand observation, clarity and skepticism to put many professional journalists to shame," writes Richard Perez-Pena. "The Internet has fostered such citizen journalism, shaking up ideas about where news comes from, but few have taken on the expense and danger of working in a war zone."

The story notes that bloggers and citizen journalists have swelled in ranks in Iraq, while the number of mainstream journalists operating there has shrunk, putting added emphasis on the reporting that amateurs are doing.

The New York Times itself has experimented in recent months with running content from amateur journalists. We reported last month that the paper would begin running videos produced by an amateur production company about the US presidential race, and since October it has run a series of video debates from Bloggingheads.tv. They also recently sponsored the Polling Places project, which uses contributions from readers to document polling places on film during the 2008 US elections.

The rise of tools like Twitter and blogs to report on events as they happen is something we recently predicted will be a growing trend in the coming year. Stories like those in today's New York Times help validate citizen journalists and the tools they use as legitimate methods of reporting breaking news.

Yesterday, Google officially unveiled its newest blog: Google Public Policy. The blog, which carries the tagline "Google's views on government, policy and politics," is different than any other Google blog in that it has nothing to with their technology. The blog will instead be an outlet for Google's views "on issues like net neutrality, censorship, innovation regulation, immigration, R&D, national security, and trade" ("just to name a few"). Google's public policy team, who author the blog, say that they hope to foster a "dialogue" with Google users about political issues in order to "do a better job of fighting for our common interests." But a new blog is just a small piece of Google's strategy for influencing government policy.

"The company's embrace of the 2008 campaign ranges from urging candidates to post videos on YouTube and buying ads on Google to stopping in to be grilled by employees at the Googleplex and giving exclusive YouTube interviews. And next month, Google/YouTube will take another step into presidential politics, co-sponsoring a presidential debate.

As Google positions itself as a virtual election headquarters for 2008, the question becomes whether one of America's most successful companies can balance its professed civic aims with corporate profits."

Google's most noticeable splash in this year's elections is their You Choose channel on YouTube, which displays videos from American presidential candidates, and their political video blog CitizenTube. YouTube will also be co-hosting a pair of debates in July and August in partnership with cable news network CNN.

It would be easy to write off YouTube's influence on the American political spectrum (it's just a place for music videos, unauthorized South Park clips, and cats doing stupid things, right?), but the site has allowed candidates to reach a massive audience with a relatively minuscule investment, which has potentially changed the rules. Relative underdog Ron Paul has racked up far more YouTube channel views than any of his fellow Republican candidates. It is hard to imagine a more cost-effective way for a candidate who has been out-fundraised by tens of millions of dollars to get the word out to voters than by making waves on YouTube.

A number of videos have already had an effect on the 2008 primary elections, and some candidates have used YouTube to float unflattering clips of their opponents. Sen. John McCain recently used the site to post a video of competitor, Gov. Mitt Romney, that appeared to show Romney contradicting statements he had made in a magazine interview, for example. YouTube has allowed unfortunate political gaffes to become major black marks on a candidate's record over night. The potential for everything and anything you say or do to be taped and leaked out over the Internet is an unfamiliar dynamic in politics.

Google has also been inviting presidential candidates to the Google campus for interviews in front of Google employees. Yesterday they hosted unannounced candidate and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg. So far they have already played host to visits from former Sen. John Edwards, Gov. Bill Richardson and Sens. Hillary Clinton and John McCain -- all running for president of the US in 2008. These interviews have garnered so much press, that Google is quickly becoming a required campaign stop -- the Iowa or New Hampshire of the digital world, perhaps.

YouTube introduces the CNN/YouTube debates.

This is not Google's first foray into politics, of course. Shortly before the 2006 mid-term elections in America, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that Google had filed paperwork to form a political action committee called NetPAC "to support candidates who promote an open and free Internet for our users." They also hired to former Republican senators Dan Coats of Indiana and Connie Mack of Florida to work as lobbyists.

And let's not forget Google bombs. In 2003, a group of web activists made a concerted effort to cause searches for the phrase "miserable failure" to be linked with the website for US president George W. Bush. In 2004, the Democratic candidate for president, Sen. John Kerry, found his name linked with the search term "waffles." While its doubtful the these Internet pranks had much effect the polls, the story about these political Google bombs exploded across the mainstream press (no pun intended), perhaps proving just how influential Google could be in American politics.

Conclusion

Lobbying and PACs are the more traditional road for corporations to influence American politics. Google's latest approach leverages social technologies (the backbone of web 2.0?) to bypass Washington completely. By creating platforms for candidates and talking directly to the people, Google has positioned themselves as a major force in shaping American political policy (and by extension, have a far reaching global effect). At the same time, Google's political forays will likely strengthen their brand -- not just by helping them get what they want politically, but also by associating their name with yet another staple of American life: the democratic process. (And Google isn't just talking about American politics... their blog has a post on the recent French presidential elections, for example.)

What do you think of Google's influence on politics? Is this a good thing? What is the answer to the question posed by the San Jose Mercury News: can Google "balance its professed civic aims with corporate profits?" Leave your thoughts in the comments below.